Gestational Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62807/jowach.v2i1.2025.12-19Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), Insulin resistance, β-Cell DysfunctionAbstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as hyperglycemia which occurs for the first time in pregnancy. World widely events of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are growing at a worrying pace especially in South Asian countries .It is linked to unfavorable maternal and newborn outcomes. Understanding the many risk factors, pathophysiological processes and genetic components of GDM will assist us in identifying at-risk women, developing effective preventative strategies, and providing proper disease management. The main issue is the absence of consensus among healthcare practitioners on screening procedures. This comprehensive article synthesizes existing knowledge and current developments in the field of gestational diabetes, with the goal of providing a full understanding of its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and influence on maternal and fetal outcomes as it emphasizes the complex character of gestational diabetes through an exhaustive examination of current research, finding significant risk variables such as age, family history, obesity ,diagnostic tools, including oral glucose tolerance tests, and developments in screening techniques are described in the context of early identification and timely intervention. Strategies to self-monitoring blood glucose concentrations and therapy with food, oral medicines, and insulin injections are discussed. It main aim is to lessen the burden of gestational diabetes and pave the path for better pregnancies and for future generations and continuous devotion to improving mother and child health.
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